大直径超长灌注桩水平承载性能的参数敏感性     

李洪江  童立元  刘松玉  包红燕  杨涛 《岩土力学》2018,39(5):1825-1833

大直径超长灌注桩是高规格建（构）筑物桩基工程的发展趋势,但有关其水平承载性能的研究还较少。依托江苏靖江文化中心大直径超长灌注桩建设项目,通过现场试桩试验获得了桩身水平受力及承载变形特征。采用孔压静力触探（CPTU）测试p-y曲线法构建了大直径超长灌注桩水平承载数值计算模型,在与现场试桩结果比对验证之后,进一步研究了桩径尺寸效应、桩顶嵌固形式、桩身倾角、竖向载荷对大直径超长灌注桩的影响规律。最后通过计算各影响因素的参数敏感度,实现了对大直径超长灌注桩水平承载性能参数敏感性的客观定量评价。研究结果表明：原位测试CPTU可以很好地应用于大直径超长灌注桩的水平承载分析,大直径超长灌注桩参数敏感度由大到小依次为：桩顶嵌固形式、尺寸效应、竖向荷载、桩身倾角。  相似文献   

Spatial–temporal variability in water quality and macro-invertebrate assemblages in the Upper Mara River basin,Kenya     

《Physics and Chemistry of the Earth》2014

Tropical rivers display profound temporal and spatial heterogeneity in terms of environmental conditions. This aspect needs to be considered when designing a monitoring program for water quality in rivers. Therefore, the physico-chemical composition and the nutrient loading of the Upper Mara River and its two main tributaries, the Amala and Nyangores were monitored. Initial daily, and later a weekly monitoring schedule for 4 months spanning through the wet and dry seasons was adopted. Benthic macro-invertebrates were also collected during the initial sampling to be used as indicators of water quality. The aim of the current study was to investigate the physico-chemical status and biological integrity of the Upper Mara River basin. This was achieved by examining trends in nutrient concentrations and analyzing the structure, diversity and abundance of benthic macro-invertebrates in relation to varying land use patterns. Sampling sites were selected based on catchment land use and the level of human disturbance, and using historical records of previous water quality studies. River water pH, dissolved oxygen, electrical conductivity (EC), temperature, and turbidity were determined in situ. All investigated parameters except iron and manganese had concentration values within allowable limits according to Kenyan and international standards for drinking water. The Amala tributary is more mineralized and also shows higher levels of pH and EC than water from the Nyangores tributary. The latter, however, has a higher variability in both the total phosphorus (TP) and total nitrogen (TN) concentrations. The variability in TP and TN concentrations increases downstream for both tributaries and is more pronounced for TN than for TP. Macro-invertebrate assemblages responded to the changes in land use and water quality in terms of community composition and diversity. The study recommends detailed continuous monitoring of the water quality at shorter time intervals and to identify key macro-invertebrate taxa that can be used to monitor changes of the water quality in rivers of the Mara basin as a result of anthropogenic changes.  相似文献   

Dynamic analysis of slab track on multi-layered transversely isotropic saturated soils subjected to train loads   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Zhan Yongxiang  Yao Hailin  Lu Zheng  Yu Dongming 《地震工程与工程振动(英文版)》2014,(4)

The dynamic responses of a slab track on transversely isotropic saturated soils subjected to moving train loads are investigated by a semi-analytical approach. The track model is described as an upper Euler beam to simulate the rails and a lower Euler beam to model the slab. Rail pads between the rails and slab are represented by a continuous layer of springs and dashpots. A series of point loads are formulated to describe the moving train loads. The governing equations of track-ground systems are solved using the double Fourier transform, and the dynamic responses in the time domain are obtained by the inverse Fourier transform. The results show that a train load with high velocity will generate a larger response in transversely isotropic saturated soil than the lower velocity load, and special attention should be paid on the pore pressure in the vicinity of the ground surface. The anisotropic parameters of a surface soil layer will have greater influence on the displacement and excess pore water pressure than those of the subsoil layer. The traditional design method taking ground soil as homogeneous isotropic soil is unsafe for the case of RE 1 and RG 1, so a transversely isotropic foundation model is of great significance to the design for high train velocities.  相似文献   

Errors prediction for vector-to-raster conversion based on map load and cell size     

Shunbao Liao  Zhongqiang Bai  Yan Bai 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2012,22(6):695-704

Vector-to-raster conversion is a process accompanied with errors.The errors are classified into predicted errors before rasterization and actual errors after that.Accurate prediction of the errors is beneficial to developing reasonable rasterization technical schemes and to making products of high quality.Analyzing and establishing a quantitative relationship between the error and its affecting factors is the key to error prediction.In this study,land cover data of China at a scale of 1:250 000 were taken as an example for analyzing the relationship between rasterization errors and the density of arc length(DA),the density of polygon(DP) and the size of grid cells(SG).Significant correlations were found between the errors and DA,DP and SG.The correlation coefficient(R2) of a model established based on samples collected in a small region(Beijing) reaches 0.95,and the value of R2 is equal to 0.91 while the model was validated with samples from the whole nation.On the other hand,the R2 of a model established based on nationwide samples reaches 0.96,and R2 is equal to 0.91 while it was validated with the samples in Beijing.These models depict well the relationships between rasterization errors and their affecting factors(DA,DP and SG).The analyzing method established in this study can be applied to effectively predicting rasterization errors in other cases as well.  相似文献   

波浪与多孔介质结构相互作用SPH模拟     

任冰  叶晓文  高睿  王国玉  王永学 《海洋工程》2012,30(2):46-53

应用经CSPM法和黎曼解修正后的光滑粒子流体动力学(SPH)方法,建立了主动吸收无反射数值波浪水槽,研究波浪作用下多孔介质结构的水动力特性。流体运动控制方程采用N-S方程,多孔渗水结构内流体的运动控制方程考虑渗流力的影响。数值计算结果给出了水槽内不同位置测点的波面历时曲线和越浪量随时间变化曲线,并同试验结果和Philip Liu的数值计算结果进行了比较。并对一个波浪周期内斜坡堤多孔介质结构内外的速度场和压力分布进行了讨论分析。计算分析表明,数值计算波面较Philip Liu的计算结果与试验结果吻合更好。说明应用SPH方法建立的二维数学模型能够较好地模拟破碎波在多孔渗水斜坡上的爬坡和越浪。  相似文献   

最近60年来气候变化和人类活动对山地河流入海径流、泥沙的影响——以胶东半岛南部五龙河为例     

田清  王庆  战超  刘亚龙  李希国  刘雪萍 《海洋与湖沼》2012,43(5):891-899

采用Mann-Kendall非参数检验法、累积距平法、有序聚类分析法及线性回归等数学方法,以胶东半岛五龙河流域为例,对最近60年来气候变化和人类活动对山地河流入海径流、泥沙的影响进行了研究。结果表明,20世纪50年代以来五龙河入海径流、泥沙量均呈现出显著的阶段性逐级减少趋势。最近60年来,五龙河年径流量和输沙量主要集中在6—9月;主要受年降水量变化影响,年径流量从1980年开始显著减少,并在1966年出现较大波动;受年降水和径流变化影响,年输沙量也分别在1966和1980年呈减少突变;总体来看,年输沙量减少的趋势性要强于径流量。除气候变化影响外,1966年以来流域内大面积坡耕地改梯田和园地、林地建设等人类活动,也是造成河流径流、泥沙减少的重要原因。整体而言,最近60年来,气候变化和人类活动因素对五龙河入海水沙总量减少的贡献率分别为70%—80%和20%—30%。  相似文献   

北京五里营水温干扰分析及解决     

武晓东  王志惠  朱石军 《大地测量与地球动力学》2012,32(Z1):96-97

北京五里营井水温每天都有24次锯齿状畸变,有很好的规律性,经分析认为是气氡观测对水温造成影响.将气氡和水温供电分离,并在水温地线和地网之间增加一个电感,以阻挡其他干扰信号由地线反馈到观测仪器,改造后水温脉冲干扰彻底消除,观测质量明显提高.  相似文献   

一年内列车荷载作用下冻土路基的应力分布     

孔祥兵  赵淑萍  穆彦虎  罗飞 《冰川冻土》2014,36(5):1205-1212

冻土路基土体的物理性质与温度有密切关系, 在不同的季节, 路基内的变形场和应力场会相应发生变化. 为了说明路基内变形场和应力场的季节性差异, 以青藏铁路某断面为例, 对冻土路基在有、无列车荷载两种工况下进行了数值模拟, 系统分析了两种工况下路基内的变形场和应力场特点. 结果表明: 路基修筑后, 在自重作用下会产生较大瞬时变形; 由于路基内温度场随时间变化, 路基内各点的位移也随时间发生变化, 且位移时程曲线与温度时程曲线大体呈负相关. 在有、无列车两种工况下路基竖向位移分布都是由道砟中心向路基内部逐渐减小, 但数值明显不同; 由列车荷载引起的最大竖向附加变形发生在路基顶面中心点, 在10月15日、1月15日、4月15日, 变形量分别为-4.94 mm、-3.24 mm、-2.56 mm. 对于路基底面中心点和地基浅层中心点, 由列车荷载引起的附加应力在10月15日最大、1月15日次之、4月15日最小, 附加应力最大达到19.48 kPa; 列车荷载主要影响路基上部土体应力分布, 对下部土体应力分布影响较小.  相似文献   

复杂地基上堆载速度对地基沉降的影响分析          下载免费PDF全文

汤志刚  阎长虹  邵勇  蔡晶晶  徐杨  王玉海 《水文地质工程地质》2011,38(5):26-30

复杂地基上进行堆山工程主要存在地基的不均匀沉降和剪切破坏等工程地质问题,特别是堆山地基岩土体分布不均匀引起的地基差异沉降问题,必须对其进行科学计算分析,给出地基处理的对策和人工堆积边坡的加固措施。为了减小沉降变形给工程带来的不良影响,拟采用分层碾压填筑、控制填土堆填速度、通过所堆岩土体荷载使地基土层固结来提高地基的承载力。同时为了保证堆山工程安全,对不同加载速度条件下地基固结沉降进行计算分析,给出最佳堆载工期,按此最佳堆载工期进行堆填以满足工程的安全设计要求。  相似文献   

层状地基中空沟对交通荷载的竖向隔振分析     

熊浩  高广运  王小岗 《岩土力学》2011,32(4):1131-1137

空沟是一种常用的连续隔振屏障,可以有效地降低人工振动。以位移为变量的二维格子法在波动问题计算中具有良好的适应性、高效性,兼备有限元与差分法的一些优点,应用该法针对层状地基中作用于路堤上的交通荷载引起振动的空沟竖向隔振问题进行了参数研究,分别考虑了上软下硬地基和上硬下软地基两种情况。研究结果表明：空沟宽度对隔振效果的影响较小;空沟深度与空沟的位置是影响隔振效果的关键因素,它们相互关联,其取值应综合考虑;在上述两类层状地基中,若空沟深度与上层土的厚度接近或相等均对竖向隔振不利;路堤高度越大对竖向隔振效果越不利。  相似文献